Noncommunicable diseases disproportionately affect low- and middle-income countries, which are projected to account for 75% of global cancer deaths by 2030. Latin America faces unique challenges, including fragmented health systems, limited infrastructure, and significant inequities in access to screening and innovative therapies. This special series in JCO Global Oncology highlights context-specific research from Latin American experts designed to bridge evidence gaps and strengthen regional oncology practice. Key Themes and Findings: Digital Innovation: Studies explore telehealth to expand supportive care in remote areas and online platforms to address the shortage of geriatric oncology specialists. Precision Medicine: Research emphasizes the need for region-specific genomic data, noting that hereditary cancer patterns in Latin America differ from those in the Global North. While molecular profiling (eg, for “EGFR” and “ALK” in lung cancer) significantly improves survival, access to testing remains a major barrier. Health Economics: A budget impact analysis suggests that prioritizing cost-effective surgical castration over medical alternatives could save over 600 million US dollars, allowing for reinvestment in advanced therapies. Real-World Evidence: Data on genitourinary cancers and rare soft tissue sarcomas reveal persistent disparities in treatment patterns and emphasize the necessity of multidisciplinary care. Moving forward, the region must transition from retrospective data to prospective, interventional studies. Addressing the “implementation gap”—where diagnostics exist without matching treatment access—is vital. Sustained progress requires locally adapted guidelines, improved registries, and increased research funding to ensure equitable, high-quality cancer care across Latin America.
Bourlon et al. (Wed,) studied this question.