Version 3: Secondary GMM analysis within C3 (n=22) reveals four sub-groups (C3a-C3d). C3a (n=11, high-frequency): TXS 0506+056, S5 0716+71, 3C 66A. C3b (n=5, low-amplitude). C3c (n=4, super-unity amplitude): 3C 395 FracVar=1.556, PKS 1346-112 FracVar=1.314. C3d (n=2, dual-extreme): TXS 2358+209, ON 246. C3a vs C3c suggests two physically distinct variability regimes. Related: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19774244 (v2), 10.5281/zenodo.19747331 (v1).
Yoshimitsu Katayama (Sun,) studied this question.