Construction of ATOX1 targeted nano gel based on cuproptosis mechanism and its role in reversing TACE refractoriness of hepatocellular carcinoma

Key Points

• This research aims to explore a targeted strategy for reversing TACE refractoriness in hepatocellular carcinoma through ATOX1 and cuproptosis.
• Constructed a nano gel using Cu²⁺/DC_AC50@PNA targeting ATOX1 to induce cuproptosis in HCC cells.
• Evaluated therapeutic outcomes with a focus on TACE treatment response.
• Induction of cuproptosis led to significant therapeutic improvements in TACE-refractory HCC.
• The targeted nano gel showed higher efficacy compared to conventional approaches in reversing treatment resistance.