Cyber security plays a vital role in protecting digital systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access and cyber threats. With the rapid growth of digital technologies such as cloud computing, e-commerce, and mobile applications, cyber attacks have increased significantly. This research paper focuses on identifying major cyber security challenges and analyzing various types of cyber threats. It also discusses modern defense mechanisms such as encryption, firewalls, artificial intelligence, and zero-trust security models. The study highlights the importance of adopting a multi-layered security approach along with user awareness to ensure the safety of digital environments. \\
Miss.Shweta Guru Chikmal (Thu,) studied this question.