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Introduction: Mycosis fungoides (MF) and the leukemic variant Sézary syndrome (SS), commonly referred to as cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), are characterized by clonal expansion of malignant T cells in the skin within a background of chronic inflammation. Advanced stages have an unfavorable prognosis. The skin microenvironment plays an important role in the development and progression of MF and SS. We have shown that the malignant T cells escape immune surveillance via immune checkpoint signaling such as the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. In our phase I dose-escalating study anti-PD-L1 (durvalumab) stage IB, 2 (18%) vs 4 (33%); stage IIB, 4 (36%) vs 3 (25%); stage III/IV, 5 (45%) vs 5 (42%); MF, 8 (73%) vs 8 (67%); e-MF/SS, 4 (36%) vs 2 (17%); large cell transformation 3 (27%) vs 5 (42%). The median number of prior systemic treatments for both single and combo arm was 3. Global best ORR was 58% for durvalumab/ lenalidomide vs 36% for durvalumab alone.Median follow up time was 7.9 (range, 0.9-27.6) months. Analysis is ongoing. One patient died one month after discontinuation from study due to PD. No serious AEs were observed. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (shown below for combo arm) were more frequent in the durvalumab/lenalidomide arm vs durvalumab arm and included fatigue (n=9), diarrhea (n=4), decreased platelets (n=4), leg edema (n=3), constipation (n=3), hyperglycemia (n=3), anemia (n=3), and leukopenia grade III, 8 %). No grade IV event except 1 neutropenia on combo arm was observed. Median cycles of treatment were 4 (range, 1-12) and 5 (range 1-7) for single and combo arms.) Five pts remain on treatment on single agent durvalumab vs 3 pts on combo arm. Molecular profiling using CIBERSORT and single cell analysis revealed distinct changes of immune cell signatures and cellular signaling interactions within the TME that occurred in each treatment arm when compared to baseline. Conclusions: This randomized phase 2 trial of durvalumab (anti-PD-L1) +/- lenalidomide evaluating anti-tumor activity demonstrated superior clinical activity of combinatorial durvalumab/lenalidomide vs single-agent durvalumab in refractory/advanced CTCL. Responses were durable and ongoing, and treatment was well tolerated. Our correlative results from sequential skin biopsies demonstrated immune signatures for enhanced anti-tumor responses on skin biopsies at baseline may be predictive of response to checkpoint blockade and yield insights into mechanisms of therapeutic resistance.
Querfeld et al. (Thu,) studied this question.