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May 5, 20260 citationsOpen Access

La libertad religiosa en Estados Unidos: Una perspectiva internacional (American Religious Freedom in International Perspective)

WJWitte, Jr., John

Key Points

  • The aim is to compare the First Amendment's protection of religious freedom in the US with international human rights standards.
  • Analysis of international human rights documents including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966 and UN Declaration of 1981.
  • Examination of US Supreme Court cases pertaining to religious freedom, equality, and non-discrimination.
  • Assessment of how Supreme Court decisions align or conflict with international norms regarding religious autonomy.
  • US Supreme Court cases on religious freedom align well with international standards, particularly on non-discrimination and religious equality.
  • Significant gaps exist in protecting the religious claims of American Indian groups, indicating a need for improvement.
  • Supreme Court rulings promoting separation of church and state exceed international norms by limiting religious freedom in public education.

Abstract

Spanish Abstract: Este artículo compara la protección de la libertad religiosa contenida en la Primera Enmienda de la Constitución de los Estados Unidos con las principales normas internacionales de derechos humanos sobre la materia. Especialmente, se analiza el Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos de 1966, la Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre la eliminación de todas las formas de intolerancia y discriminación fundadas en la religión o las convicciones de 1981 y los llamados Documentos de Clausura de Viena de 1989. Los casos de la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos sobre la libertad de conciencia, el libre ejercicio de la religión, la igualdad religiosa y la no discriminación encajan favorablemente con las normas internacionales. Sin embargo, el encaje resulta más desfavorable en lo que respecta a la deficiente y repetida falta de protección de las distintas reivindicaciones de libertad religiosa por parte de grupos indígenas estadounidenses. Los casos de la Corte Suprema que defienden el principio de la separación de la iglesia y el estado encajan bien con las preocupaciones internacionales por los derechos y la autonomía de los grupos religiosos, aunque van más allá de lo dispuesto en las normas internacionales porque eliminan en gran medida la libertad religiosa de la educación pública. English Abstract: This article compares the protection of religious freedom contained in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution with the main international human rights standards on the matter. In particular, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966, the United Nations Declaration on the elimination of all forms of intolerance and discrimination based on religion or convictions of 1981 and the so-called Vienna Closing Documents of 1989. The cases of the United States Supreme Court on freedom of conscience, the free exercise of religion, religious equality and non-discrimination fit favorably with international standards. However, the reserve requirement is more unfavorable in terms of the deficient and repeated lack of protection of the different claims of religious freedom by American Indian groups. Supreme Court cases upholding the principle of separation of church and state dovetail well with international concerns about the rights and autonomy of religious groups, although they go beyond the provisions of international norms because they eliminate in religious freedom of public education to a large extent

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Cite This Study

Witte, Jr., John (2019) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69f988be15588823dae17b63https://doi.org/10.17613/znvqh-n4j39
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1American Religious Liberty in International Perspective2011
  2. 2The Richard O'Sullivan: Memorial Lecture A New Great Awakening of Religious Freedom in America2023
  3. 3Historical Foundations and Enduring Fundamentals of American Religious Freedom2020
  4. 4Religious Law and Religious Courts as a Challenge to the State (National Report for United States of America)2016
  5. 5The American Constitutional Experiment in Religious Human Rights: The Perennial Search for Principles1996