Abstract: Doppler ultrasound of the portal vein is an invaluable entity in the noninvasive assessment of portal hemodynamics, liver diseases, and vascular complications. Although invaluable, portal vein Doppler is limited by real-time constraints that reduce diagnostic utility and reliability. This review explores the real-time limitations encountered in portal vein Doppler imaging, emphasizing technical artifacts, equipment constraints, physiological variables, and operator-related factors. It brings together current evidence on portal vein anatomy, key Doppler parameters, and common pitfalls when highlighting recent technological advances such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound, microvascular flow imaging, and adaptive clutter reduction techniques, which can eventually improve the reproducibility in training protocols, standardized imaging parameters, and multimodal imaging correlations.
Baishya et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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