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Transport in the atmosphere and in the ocean is the result of the complex action of time-dependent and often highly turbulent flow. A useful diagnostic that summarizes the rate at which fluid elements are transported from some region to a point (or the reverse) via a multiplicity of pathways and mechanisms is the probability density function (pdf ) of transit times. The first moment of this pdf, often referred to as ''mean age,'' has become an important transport diagnostic commonly used by the observational community.
Holzer et al. (Wed,) studied this question.