Development of Sustainable Floral Transfer Effects on Mordanted Cotton Using Mechanical Hammering Eco-Printing Techniques

The increasing demand for sustainable solutions in the textile industry has driven interest in environmentally responsible materials and alternative surface design methods. This study explores the development of floral patterns on cotton fabric using a mechanical hammering-based eco-printing technique combined with different mordanting treatments. The research aims to evaluate the role of selected mordants in enhancing the transfer and fixation of natural pigments extracted directly from fresh flowers. Cotton fabrics were pre-treated with copper sulphate, ferrous sulphate, alum, and aloe vera, after which fresh floral materials were arranged on the fabric surface. Controlled mechanical hammering was applied to facilitate the release and penetration of plant pigments into the fibres, producing direct botanical impressions. The results indicate that mordant type significantly influences the visual characteristics and clarity of the developed patterns. Fabrics treated with copper sulphate and ferrous sulphate exhibited darker tones with sharper and more distinct floral impressions, suggesting stronger pigment–fibre interactions. In contrast, alum-treated samples produced brighter and more vivid shades. Aloe vera, used as a natural mordanting agent, demonstrated satisfactory pigment fixation while supporting the eco-friendly nature of the process. Variations in colour intensity, tonal depth, and pattern definition were observed across all samples. The technique eliminates the need for synthetic dyes, complex machinery, and high-energy processing, offering a simple, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative for textile surface design. This approach effectively integrates traditional craft practices with modern sustainability goals, making it suitable for applications in eco-fashion, artisanal textiles, and environmentally conscious product development.