What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to convert 4-alkylpyridines to 4-acylpyridines using a mild oxidation method.

May 15, 2026

Mild and Selective Oxidation of 4-Alkylpyridines to 4-Acylpyridines under an Oxygen Atmosphere

BDBrian DoanYork University MPMatthew PuzhitskyYork University EPEkadashi PradhanYork University

Key Points

The aim is to convert 4-alkylpyridines to 4-acylpyridines using a mild oxidation method.
The reaction selectively converts 4-alkylpyridines to alkylidene dihydropyridines.
Oxidation occurs under an oxygen atmosphere without metal catalysts or high temperatures.
The reaction does not produce ketones from 2- or 3-alkylpyridines.
The method exclusively transforms 4-alkylpyridines to 4-acylpyridines.
No byproducts such as ketones from other alkylpyridine isomers are formed.
The reaction operates under mild conditions, enhancing its practicality.

Abstract

We report the exclusive conversion of 4-alkylpyridines to 4-acylpyridines. The reaction relies on the selective dearomatization of 4-alkylpyridines to the corresponding alkylidene dihydropyridines, which are oxidized under an oxygen atmosphere. This reaction avoids the use of metal catalysts and elevated temperatures and does not form ketones from 2- or 3-alkylpyridines or diactivated methylene.

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