Introduction Farmers in flood- and cyclone-prone regions of India face recurrent shocks from extreme climatic events, yet their adaptive capacity remains constrained by limited access to timely and context-specific knowledge. Digital climate education offers promising opportunities to strengthen rural resilience; however, evidence on pedagogy-driven e-learning interventions for farmers is limited. This study aimed to develop, validate, and evaluate an e-learning module to enhance farmers’ climate resilience in vulnerable regions of Assam and Odisha. Methods An e-learning module was developed using the ADDIE instructional design model and validated by 31 experts using structured rating scales. A 21-item knowledge test was constructed and refined through relevancy screening, pilot testing with 30 farmers, and item analysis (difficulty index, discrimination index, and point-biserial correlation), resulting in a final 10-item test. The effectiveness of the module was assessed using a pre-test/post-test design with 78 farmers, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired tests, and learning gain measures. Results The module received high expert ratings across content, format, presentation, and usefulness. The final knowledge test demonstrated strong reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.857). Significant improvements in knowledge scores were observed across both states ( p 0.001), with substantial mean gains (overall = 3.85) and large effect sizes. Normalized learning gains ranged from 0.599 to 0.672, indicating strong learning outcomes following exposure to the module. Discussion The findings demonstrate that a systematically designed, multimedia-based e-learning module can effectively enhance farmers’ climate-related knowledge in vulnerable regions. The study highlights the potential of scalable digital extension approaches to complement traditional advisory systems and strengthen climate resilience in agriculture.
Gorai et al. (Tue,) studied this question.