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As the world confronts the challenges of climate change and strives to transition towards sustainable energy systems, the integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid has become paramount. However, the inherently intermittent nature of renewables necessitates effective and reliable energy storage solutions to ensure a stable and resilient energy supply. This paper presents a thorough and comprehensive review of the innovative approaches undertaken in the field of renewable energy storage. The exploration begins with a detailed analysis of various renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, geothermal, and hydro, outlining their unique contributions to the global energy landscape. Emphasis is placed on the challenges associated with intermittency and the critical role that advanced energy storage technologies play in mitigating these challenges. The review encompasses an in-depth examination of existing energy storage technologies, ranging from well-established solutions such as lithium-ion batteries and pumped hydro storage to newer developments like sodium-ion batteries and flywheel energy storage. Each technology is scrutinized for its advantages, limitations, and current deployment scenarios. Furthermore, the paper delves into cutting-edge innovations, including the latest advancements in battery technologies such as solid-state batteries and organic flow batteries. Additionally, it explores emerging approaches like thermal energy storage and gravity-based energy storage, providing a holistic understanding of the evolving landscape. Through a critical analysis of economic considerations, environmental impacts, and the regulatory landscape, the review highlights the complex interplay between technology, policy, and market forces in shaping the future of renewable energy storage. The paper concludes with insights into potential integration strategies, recommendations for future research directions, and the role of policy and industry initiatives in fostering a sustainable and resilient energy storage ecosystem. This comprehensive review aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on advancing renewable energy storage technologies and fostering a transition towards a more sustainable and reliable energy future. Keywords: Innovative, Renewable, Energy, Storage, Review.
Ekechukwu et al. (Thu,) studied this question.