What question did this study set out to answer?

This review aims to understand the reciprocal relationship between HIV and Mtb co-infection and its implications for disease management.

March 27, 2023Open Access

HIV/Mtb Co-Infection: From the Amplification of Disease Pathogenesis to an “Emerging Syndemic”

Key Points

This review aims to understand the reciprocal relationship between HIV and Mtb co-infection and its implications for disease management.
Review and synthesis of existing literature on HIV and Mtb interactions.
Discussion on disease pathogenesis and co-infection mechanisms.
Exploration of potential therapeutic strategies.
Late-stage HIV infection increases the risk of developing TB by a factor of 20.
Even with controlled HIV, patients on ART have a fourfold increased risk of TB.
Mtb infection accelerates HIV pathogenesis and AIDS progression.

Abstract

(Mtb) are pathogens responsible for millions of new infections each year; together, they cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, late-stage HIV infection increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) by a factor of 20 in latently infected people, and even patients with controlled HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a fourfold increased risk of developing TB. Conversely, Mtb infection exacerbates HIV pathogenesis and increases the rate of AIDS progression. In this review, we discuss this reciprocal amplification of HIV/Mtb coinfection and how they influence each other's pathogenesis. Elucidating the infectious cofactors that impact on pathogenesis may open doors for the design of new potential therapeutic strategies to control disease progression, especially in contexts where vaccines or the sterile clearance of pathogens are not effectively available.

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