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We studied the association between behavioral and demographic risk factors and 17-year mortality in members of the Alameda County (California) Study who were 60-94 years of age at baseline. In this age group, increased risk of death is associated with being male, smoking, having little leisure-time physical activity, deviating from moderate weight relative to height, and not regularly eating breakfast. These increased risks were independent of age, race, socioeconomic position (SEP), other behavioral risk factors, and baseline physical health status. Further examination of the group aged 70 or more revealed the same patterns of heightened risk.
Kaplan et al. (1987) studied this question.