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By performing a detailed analysis of switching-mode power supplies based on swithed-capacitor circuits, their fundamental steady-state characteristics are found. A few basic step-down and step-up converters are considered. No approximations, such a averaging techniques are required. The on-resistances of the transistors, forward voltages of the diodes and equivalent-series resistances of capacitors are taken into account. Design-oriented formulas of the DC voltage ratio, trade-offs allowing for the best possible efficiency, the smallest possible ripple and the best possible line and load regulation give the design values of the number of capacitors in the switched-capacitor circuit, of their capacitances and of the switching frequency.
Zhu et al. (Tue,) studied this question.