The distribution of water in sulfonicationite membranes based on a polystyrene or perfluorinated matrix, as well as their electrical transport properties in solutions of alkali metal chlorides (specific electric conductivity and electroosmotic and diffusion permeability), were studied. It was established that changes in the equilibrium hydration characteristics of these membranes, as well as their electroosmotic and diffusion permeability, occur in accordance with changes in the hydration numbers of alkali metal ions in the corresponding electrolyte solutions. For perfluorinated membranes, higher electrical conductivity in solutions of lithium chloride was occasionally detected despite its lower mobility in solution. The amount of water in the hydrated fixed ion–alkali metal cation complex, as well as the amount of relatively free water in the gel phase of the membrane, were determined based on measurements of the electroosmotic permeability and specific electrical conductivity of membranes in alkali metal chloride solutions and using a model approach to the ion-exchange membrane as a two-phase system. The results are compared with literature data on the average number of water molecules in the hydration shell of alkali metal cations obtained by proton magnetic resonance.
Kononenko et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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