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In 2003, Melvin Mitchell, director of one of the United States' major historically Black schools of architecture and planning, noted that " Black schools must be at the forefront of establishing the theoretical as well as the practical rapprochement between Black Architects and the Black America they were spawned from" (Mitchell, 2003, p. 208). The school -at Morgan State University -added history of Black architects and historical preservation of Black neighborhoods courses (Kroiz, 2013), and devised a curriculum to create a social agenda and endorse design building practices through which to advance socio-economic development and address social inequity.
Murphy et al. (Sun,) studied this question.