The unique calcium handling system of Purkinje cells differs significantly between large mammalian species and small rodents, highlighting the necessity of using large animal models to study ischemic arrhythmias.
Highlights the necessity of using large mammalian models rather than murine models to accurately study calcium-driven ischemic arrhythmias in Purkinje fibers.
Ventricular tachycardias (VTs) and fibrillations (VFs) are frequent complications of ischemic myocardial infarction (MI). Because their initiation mechanism remains unknown, these arrhythmias are virtually unpredictable and often degenerate into cardiac arrest and syncope without immediate medical assistance. Electrical mapping and ablation techniques have located the origin of ischemic arrhythmias in the terminal arborizations of the cardiac conduction system, the Purkinje fibers. A classical model of MI in the dog has demonstrated that abnormal calcium (Ca 2+ ) cycling in the Purkinje cells (Pcells) is the source of non-driven depolarizations (DADs) in the conduction tissue and is likely to create the pro-arrhythmic conditions of human ischemic heart. A better understanding of Ca 2+ abnormalities in Pcells post infarction is an evident prerequisite for elucidating the mechanism of ischemic arrhythmias. Nevertheless, a unique Ca 2+ handling system was discovered in Pcells, exhibiting fundamental differences compared with the well-known model of Excitation-Contraction coupling of ventricular cardiomyocytes. This cellular specificity of Purkinje fibers was observed in large mammalian species but not in murine hearts, where Purkinje cells are comparable to ventricular myocytes and designed to respond to 400–600 stimulations/min. The present report reviews the mechanism of Ca 2+ arrhythmogenicity in Pcells of large mammalian hearts and documents the need for animal models that simulate the size and function of human hearts to study ischemic arrhythmias.
Bruno D. Stuyvers (Thu,) conducted a review in Ventricular tachycardias and fibrillations post myocardial infarction. The unique calcium handling system of Purkinje cells differs significantly between large mammalian species and small rodents, highlighting the necessity of using large animal models to study ischemic arrhythmias.