Effectiveness and safety of drug-coated balloon in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction during interventional therapy

This investigation seeks to assess the efficacy and safety profile of drug-coated balloon (DCB) and drug-eluting stent (DES) throughout primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) among individuals with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The medical records of 142 STEMI patients receiving emergency PCI in our hospital between January 2019 and April 2024 underwent retrospective examination. Per the intervention strategy, patients were split into the observation group (n = 85, DCB therapy) and the control group (n = 131, DES therapy). The study compared several parameters between these cohorts: the occurrence of target lesion revascularization and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within one week, measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), and the frequency of slow-flow post-PCI. Additionally, these parameters (excluding slow-flow), along with late lumen loss (LLL) and bleeding incidents, were evaluated during a nine-month follow-up period. There were no notable variations in postoperative LVEDd, LVEF, incidence rates of slow-flow, target lesion revascularization, and MACE within one week between the two groups. After the ten-month follow-up, there were no notable variations in LLL, incidence rates of target lesion revascularization (6.87% VS. 4.71%), MACE (35.11% VS. 31.76%), and hemorrhage (8.40% VS. 2.35%) between the control group and observation group. In individuals with STEMI undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention, the short and long-term prognoses of drug-coated balloons are not inferior to those of drug-eluting stents, which are safe and effective.