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The housekeeping heat Q is the dissipated heat necessary to maintain the violation of detailed balance in nonequilibrium steady states. By analyzing the evolution of its probability distribution, we prove an integral fluctuation theorem - Q=1 valid for arbitrary driven transitions between steady states. We discuss Gaussian limiting cases and the difference between the new theorem and both the Hatano-Sasa and the Jarzynski relation.
Speck et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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