Improving the Methodological Framework of Green Accounting and Green Financial Analysis Under Sustainable Economic Transformation

The accelerating transition toward sustainable economic development has intensified the need for enterprises to integrate environmental dimensions into accounting and financial management systems. This study investigates the methodological foundations of green accounting and green financial analysis and develops an integrated framework for enhancing their implementation within corporate governance structures. The research addresses existing limitations in traditional accounting systems, particularly their inability to adequately recognize environmental costs, ecological liabilities, carbon emissions, and sustainability-related risks. Using a systematic literature review, comparative analysis, and conceptual synthesis approach, the study evaluates contemporary international sustainability reporting practices, including ESG reporting frameworks, environmental management accounting, and carbon accounting methodologies. The findings indicate that integrating environmental indicators into accounting and financial analysis improves corporate transparency, strengthens ecological risk management, and increases investment attractiveness. Furthermore, the study proposes a comprehensive methodological model for classifying environmental expenditures, recognizing green assets and liabilities, and incorporating sustainability indicators into financial reporting. The proposed framework contributes to the theoretical advancement of sustainable accounting research and offers practical implications for enterprises operating within green economic transformation processes.