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Bad data detection and identification is one of the essential functions performed by state estimators. Capability of a state estimator to detect bad data is directly related to the measurement configuration. Bad data associated with critical measurements can not be detected. Transforming critical measurements into redundant measurements requires adding extra measurements at strategic locations. In this paper, phasor measurement units (PMU) are used for this purpose. It is shown that with few extra PMUs, bad data detection and identification capability of a given system can be drastically improved. Description of the placement algorithm is given and case studies carried out on different size test systems are presented.
Chen et al. (Wed,) studied this question.