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In the Seventh Edition of Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Application , Ronald L. Akers, Christine S. Sellers and Wesley G. Jennings provide a concise but thorough review and appraisal of the leading theories of crime and criminal justice. Based on the widespread success of the first six editions, this landmark book keeps current with changes in the development, testing, integration, and application of important criminological theories. Each chapter has been updated and substantially revised in light of recent research and important changes in the theories. More extensive revision and updating have been done on psychological, social learning, social bonding and self-control, labeling, anomie and strain, and feminist theories. The Seventh Edition also features a new chapter on Devleopmental and Life-Course Theories
Hoffman et al. (Sun,) studied this question.