Elevated Lipoprotein(a) is an independent, genetic, and causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease and acute myocardial infarction, with risk varying significantly by ethnicity.
Lipoprotein(a) Lp(a) is a circulating lipoprotein, and its level is largely determined by variation in the Lp(a) gene (LPA) locus encoding apo(a). Genetic variation in the LPA gene that increases Lp(a) level also increases coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, suggesting that Lp(a) is a causal factor for CAD risk. Lp(a) is the preferential lipoprotein carrier for oxidized phospholipids (OxPL), a proatherogenic and proinflammatory biomarker. Lp(a) adversely affects endothelial function, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrinolysis, and plaque stability, leading to accelerated atherothrombosis and premature CAD. The INTER-HEART Study has established the usefulness of Lp(a) in assessing the risk of acute myocardial infarction in ethnically diverse populations with South Asians having the highest risk and population attributable risk. The 2018 Cholesterol Clinical Practice Guideline have recognized elevated Lp(a) as an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk enhancer for initiating or intensifying statin therapy.
Enas et al. (Fri,) conducted a review in Cardiovascular disease and acute myocardial infarction. Lipoprotein(a) was evaluated. Elevated Lipoprotein(a) is an independent, genetic, and causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease and acute myocardial infarction, with risk varying significantly by ethnicity.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: