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• Established the significance of scale effects on anodes' hydrodynamic effects by comparing model and full-scale CFD. • Quantified local and global drag penalties for four anode configurations in full-ship contexts. • Elucidated anode-induced resistance mechanisms, focusing on their interaction with boundary layer. • Proposed a streamline-aligned anode arrangement that mitigates parasitic drag compared to conventional strategies. • Developed an overall evaluation criterion to assess the hydrodynamic effects of sacrificial anodes on ship performance.
Zhao et al. (Thu,) studied this question.