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May 30, 2026Scientia Sinica Technologica0 citations

Investigation on the flow similarity of Pelton turbines under high-speed water jet conditions

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WCWenhao ChenZZZhizhou ZhaoCWChaoyue Wang

Key Points

  • The study aims to assess flow similarity between scaled models of Pelton turbines and their prototypes under high-speed water jet conditions.
  • Constructed two models using relative velocity consistency and unit parameter consistency principles.
  • Analyzed internal flow characteristics of the prototypes and their respective models.
  • Measured various performance metrics including water phase volume fraction and force coefficients.
  • Relative velocity consistency models showed a 40.06% deviation in water phase volume fraction compared to the prototype.
  • Unit parameter consistency models exhibited only an 8.42% deviation in water phase volume fraction, indicating superior similarity.
  • Force correlations for the unit parameter consistency models were significantly higher, suggesting better predictive capacity for energy characteristics.

Abstract

高速水射流条件下巨型冲击式水轮机需要借助缩比模型试验来评估水力性能和泥沙磨损性能,缩比模型可采用相对速度一致原则或单位参数一致原则来构建,而目前对两种构建原则下所生成的模型与原型间流动相似性并不清楚,在进行模型试验时如何选择模型构建原则也是倍受关注的工程问题。本文针对某冲击式水轮机原型,分别采用相对速度一致原则和单位参数一致原则构建了两个模型,并对原型和两个模型的内部流动特性进行了研究。在相对速度一致原则下,模型与原型相比,水斗工作面水相体积分数平均偏差为40.06%,高压力区面积平均偏差为48.46%,非定常力、能量梯度力、粘性力及科氏力的相关系数分别为0.12、0.06、-0.09、-0.40,分水刃至水斗底部正冲击区域的速度值相差小于9.91%。这类模型在水头内流态与动力特性方面与原型相似程度较弱,不适合于预测原型的能量特性,但可用于预测水斗内特定区域的磨损速率。在单位参数一致原则下,模型与原型相比,水斗工作面水相体积分数平均偏差为8.42%,高压力区面积平均偏差为25.61%,非定常力、能量梯度力、粘性力及科氏力的相关系数分别为0.88、0.80、0.66、0.61,分水刃等区域的速度值相差大于20.12%。这类模型在水斗内的水流形态与动力学行为方面与原型相似程度更高,更加适用于评价水斗内水流形态与水轮机能量特性。

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Cite This Study

Chen et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a1a808f0307b78509432819https://doi.org/10.1360/sst-2025-0418
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