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An analysis of real-world botnets1 demonstrates the increasing sophistication of bot2 malware and its thoughtful engineering as an effective tool for profi t-motivated online crime. The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding of the capabilities present in bot malware and the motivations for operating botnets. Our analysis of source code and captured binaries provides insight about: • how botnets are built • what capabilities botnets possess • how botnets are operated • how botnets are maintained and defended
Ianelli et al. (Mon,) studied this question.