Spatial disparities in urban park accessibility: Integrating real-time traffic data and housing prices in Ningbo, China

The urban park accessibility is a vital measure of urban livability, indicating either the presence or absence of environmental equity. This study introduces a novel approach by integrating real-time navigation data with traditional accessibility assessments to examine the spatial distribution of parks in Ningbo, China. It evaluates service provision across different transportation modes and park tiers, revealing significant spatial disparities in accessibility. Particularly, it highlights a pronounced polarization, with some city core areas experiencing limited access. Additionally, this research establishes a clear correlation between housing prices and park accessibility, illustrating how urban greenery can influence real estate values. The findings underscore the need for policy interventions to promote equitable access to urban parks and to address potential green gentrification risks. The methodology proposed here offers valuable insights for urban planners and policymakers in scientifically assessing public resource accessibility and planning more equitable urban environments. • A new approach blends real-time navigation with traditional methods. • Multiple methods pinpoint communities with mismatched park supply and demand. • Urban park accessibility exhibits clear spatial polarization. • Housing prices positively correlate with park accessibility. • Park accessibility varies with different transportation modes.