NOTSA: Novel OBU With Three-Level Security Architecture for Internet of Vehicles

Internet of Vehicles has become a massive network, which enables multinetwork fusion, including in-vehicle network, wireless local area network, dedicated short range communication, device-to-device communication, and cellular network (e.g., 5G). Proverbially, in-vehicle network is considered as a closed network and thus absolutely secure. However, multiple networks access and fusion can introduce different threats. Current on board units (OBUs) fail to protect in-vehicle network. Therefore, illegal vehicle control can be easily performed for attackers. In this paper, in consideration of vulnerabilities of current OBUs and in-vehicle controller area network, we show main attack model for actual vehicles, and assess introduced threats using the approach based on ISO 13335 guidelines for the management of IT security. Then, we design the novel OBU with three-level security architecture (NOTSA) and propose multilevel security protocols. It cannot only improve the security of external networks, but also protect the in-vehicle network by collaborating with current in-vehicle security schemes. Thereafter, we analyze security of proposed scheme, and evaluate it on hardware platform. The reliability of NOTSA and vehicular ad-hoc networks are then discussed using reliability block diagrams. In addition, we also verify the correctness of proposed protocols. Finally, the simulation results and comparison show that our scheme is feasible and more efficient than existing schemes in term of time overhead, security and reliability.