Comorbidities and Psychosocial Characteristics as Determinants of Dropout in Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation

BACKGROUND: Despite the clear benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), a considerable number of patients drop out early. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, we wanted to evaluate dropout in CR with a special focus on comorbidities and psychosocial background. METHODS: Patients who attended CR after acute coronary syndrome, cardiac surgery, or heart failure (N = 489) were prospectively included. Dropout was defined as attending 50% of the training sessions or less (n = 96 20%). Demographic and clinical characteristics, exercise parameters, and psychosocial factors were analyzed according to dropout, and those with a trend toward a significant difference (P < .10) were entered in a multivariate logistic model. RESULTS: The presence of a cerebrovascular accident (4.18 1.39-12.52) involved a higher risk of dropout, and a comparable trend was seen for the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2.55 0.99-6.54). Attending the training program only twice per week also implicated a higher risk of an early withdrawal (3.76 2.23-6.35). In contrast, patients on β-blockers were less likely to withdraw prematurely (0.47 0.22-0.98). Singles were more likely to drop out (2.89 1.56-5.35), as well as those patients who were dependent on others to get to CR (2.01 1.16-3.47). Finally, the reporting of severe problems on the anxiety/depression subscale of the EuroQOL-5D questionnaire involved a higher odds for dropout (7.17 1.46-35.29). CONCLUSIONS: Neither demographic characteristics nor clinical status or exercise capacity could independently identify patients who were at risk of dropout. The presence of comorbidities and a vulnerable psychosocial background rather seem to play a key role in dropout.