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In transducer applications of ferroelectric ceramics it is standard practice to rely for the electromechanical response on retained polarization. This is practicable only for moderate driving amplitudes and sufficiently low temperature. At higher driving fields dielectric losses increase inordinately and lead to eventual depolarization and loss of response. This can be remedied by application of a comparatively modest dc bias. The quantitative loss behavior of various ceramic bodies over extended ranges of temperature, field amplitude, and for various values of aiding bias is investigated. Results are also presented on various other effects obtained with bias operation, such as increase of electromechanical coupling and shifts of thermodynamic transition points. Work on other associated phenomena—electrostriction, secular relaxation, etc.—will be reported in part II.
Baerwald et al. (Wed,) studied this question.