Smart distribution network operation based on energy management system considering economic-technical goals of network operator

This paper expresses economic flexible–securable operation (EFSO) in smart distribution networks (SDNs), including distributed generation and storage systems to produce green energy. This is structured as an optimization formulation to obtain a minimum expected operation cost, constrained by optimal power flow, environmental, security, and flexibility limits. Also, mathematical expressions of power sources and storage are presented. The scheme considers uncertainties related to load, price of energy, and generation power of renewable sources. The work adopts the point estimation method (PEM)-based stochastic optimization to model the uncertainties. It also uses to evaluate the flexibility index accurately while requiring short computation time (among the objectives of power system operation). Then, the results demonstrate its capabilities in enhancing various aspects of the network, including economic, environmental, operational, security, and flexibility indicators. The design helps derive flexibility conditions of almost 100%. It improves the operating cost, energy loss, voltage deviation, amount of pollution emission, and voltage security index by approximately 23%, 29%, 47%, 51%, and 13% compared with power flow studies.