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This research focuses on electroporation's mechanisms and applications in drug delivery and tissue ablation for cancer therapy.

June 3, 2026Open Access

Electroporation: Principles, Applications, and Clinical Perspectives

Key Points

This research focuses on electroporation's mechanisms and applications in drug delivery and tissue ablation for cancer therapy.
Discussed principles of electroporation and its applications in various cancer treatments.
Explored the mechanisms of reversible and irreversible electroporation for drug and gene delivery.
Reviewed advancements in high-frequency irreversible electroporation techniques to improve safety.
Irreversible electroporation effectively targets pancreatic, renal, hepatic, and prostate cancers while preserving surrounding structures.
Gene electrotransfer facilitates improved intracellular chemotherapy outcomes.
High-frequency IRE shows promise in reducing muscle contractions and improving procedural safety.

Abstract

Electroporation utilizes extrinsic pulsed electric fields to create transient aqueous pores via induced transmembrane voltage. This technology ranges from reversible electroporation for drug and gene delivery to non-thermal irreversible electroporation (NTIRE) for targeted tissue ablation. NTIRE is particularly effective for pancreatic, renal, hepatic, and prostate cancers because it preserves the tissue scaffold and vital structures like nerves and blood vessels. Beyond ablation, electroporation facilitates gene electrotransfer (GET) and intracellular chemotherapy, while triggering a robust immune response via the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Advanced techniques like high-frequency IRE (H-FIRE) are currently being developed to enhance safety by reducing muscle contractions and the need for cardiac synchronization.

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