Distributed Resilient Control for Energy Storage Systems in Cyber–Physical Microgrids

As a cyber-physical system (CPS), the security of microgrids (MGs) is threatened by unknown faults and cyberattacks. Most existing distributed control methods for MGs are proposed based on the assumption that secondary controllers of distributed generation units operate in normal conditions. However, the faults and attacks of the distributed control system could lead to a significant impact and consequently influence the security and stability of MGs. In this article, a distributed resilient control strategy for multiple energy storage systems (ESSs) in islanded MGs is proposed to deal with these hidden but lethal issues. By introducing an adaptive technique, a distributed resilient control method is proposed for frequency/voltage restoration, fair real power sharing, and state-of-charge balancing in MGs with multiple ESSs in abnormal condition. The stability of the proposed method is rigorously proved by Lyapunov methods. The proposed method is validated on test systems developed in OPAL-RT simulator under various cases.