A Vertical Handoff Method via Self-Selection Decision Tree for Internet of Vehicles

Vehicles often communicate among different networks in Internet of Vehicles (IoVs). However, existing unstable network statuses and different user preferences result in vehicle frequent vertical handoffs (VHOs). In this paper, we propose a novel VHO method based on a self-selection decision tree for IoVs. We first establish the respective handoff probability distribution of vehicles according to network attributes and movement trend. Then, based on handoff probability distributions and defined user preferences, we propose a novel handoff method by the self-selection decision tree for IoVs. Finally, we also present a feedback decision method according to the feedback of vehicle handoff, to improve next handoff quality when vehicle movement trend and vehicle service status change. Simulation results show that the proposed method not only supports the VHO among Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, and third-generation cellular but also reduces switching times and ensures the network update rate and the vehicles’ service quality.