Crossing borders alone: individual efforts and the institutional absence in Montenegro’s cultural diplomacy

This paper explores the evolving role of cultural diplomacy in the global context, with a particular focus on its strategic relevance for small states such as Montenegro. As a young nation in the Balkans, Montenegro faces distinct challenges in defining its cultural identity and securing a meaningful international presence. The study critically examines how cultural diplomacy is understood and applied within the country’s cultural policy framework, arguing for its recognition not only as a tool of international engagement but also as a key driver of national cultural development. Special attention is given to the role of non-institutional actors, the fragmented nature of existing practices, and the need for a more coherent and integrated approach. The findings suggest that cultural diplomacy in Montenegro remains underutilized and advocate for policy reforms that would embed it more centrally within the national cultural strategy.