Measurement while drilling (MWD) technology provides a novel methodology for the in situ determination of geomechanical properties by monitoring bit–rock interaction parameters during drilling, offering real-time lithological distribution identification without compromising efficiency. This paper reviews the application of MWD in geotechnical engineering, encompassing theoretical frameworks, technological evolution, engineering applications, challenges and new trends. The analysis reveals that most theoretical models of bit–rock interaction exhibit significant limitations in accurately predicting rock properties under field conditions. Advances in near-bit sensing and adaptive data processing are identified as critical drivers of methodological innovation. Key engineering applications—including formation identification, drilling optimization, and 3D geological visualization—are outlined, alongside actionable recommendations for development. Finally, five strategic research priorities are proposed for next-generation MWD systems: advancing bit–rock interaction theory, developing high-resolution near-bit sensors, enabling multi-source data fusion, supporting dynamic 3D model calibration, and facilitating continuous in situ stress measurement.
Feng et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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