Objectives: Common variables to various definitions of Sarcopenia are muscle mass, grip strength, and gait speed. This review explores the evolution of consensus group definitions of Sarcopenia, highlights the need for more precise assessments of muscle mass and function, and explores the effective interventions, affordable treatments (i.e., resistance training) for Sarcopenia. Methods: All randomized controlled trials on the effects of resistance training on outcome variables in older people with Sarcopenia were searched over PubMed, Web of Science, Google scholar, and Wiley. Data from January 2014 to December 2024 were reviewed. The researchers extracted the data and independently evaluated the quality of the studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results: In adults over 60, strength training enhances muscle strength by promoting muscle growth, improving motor unit recruitment, and increasing their firing rate. Muscle mass can be increased through training at an intensity corresponding to 60% to 85% of the individual maximum voluntary strength. Enhancing the rate of force development requires high-intensity training (above 85%), parallel for both older and younger individuals. Current recommendations suggest that healthy older adults should be trained 3-4 times per week for ideal results, while those with lower initial performance can still experience improvements with less frequent training. Side effects are occasional. Conclusion: Resistance training is a beneficial approach for reducing body fat mass, augmenting muscle strength, and improving muscle performance in healthy older adults with Sarcopenia. Evidence with high to moderate certainty indicates that resistance exercise, either alone or combined with nutrition, as well as integrating aerobic and balance training, is the most effective strategy for enhancing quality of life in older individuals with Sarcopenia. In addition, including nutritional interventions alongside exercise leads to greater improvements in handgrip strength compared to exercise alone, while its impact on other physical function measures remains similar.
Ahmed et al. (Mon,) studied this question.