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Key Points

• This work examines the redox paradox of polyphenols and their impact on bioavailability and safety.
• Review of existing literature on polyphenols and their physiological effects.
• Analysis of bioavailability and safety data regarding polyphenol consumption.
• Discussion of the hormesis phenomenon in relation to polyphenols.
• Polyphenols exhibit both beneficial and harmful effects depending on their concentration and bioavailability.
• Hormetic effects suggest that low doses may provide health benefits while high doses pose safety risks.