Chronic Kidney Disease in Ayurveda: Conceptual Understanding and Management Approaches

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the presence of kidney damage or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m², persisting for 3 months or more. CKD involves a progressive loss of kidney function, often leading to the need for renal replacement therapy, such as dialysis or transplantation. In Ayurveda, the kidneys (Vrukka) are considered the foundational organs of the Medovaha Sarotasa. They primarily develop from the Rakta (blood) and Meda (fat) Dhatus, and are classified as Matruja (inherited) Avayava (organs). denotes a condition of urinary retention associated with mild dysuria, primarily resulting from obstruction within the urinary tract. This condition results in either a complete lack of urine excretion or minimal, difficult urination. It arises from the vitiation of Basti due to circulating aggravated Doshas. Severe or complete obstruction of the urinary tract may give rise to systemic manifestations such as excessive thirst, delirium, and dyspnea, closely resembling features of uremic syndrome. Ayurveda adopts a holistic and individualized approach in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The foremost therapeutic principle involves the elimination of causative factors (Nidana Parivarjana). Correction of systemic derangements through Bheshaja Chikitsa like Gokshura, Punarnava, Rasayana etc aims to regulate Jatharagni, thereby preventing the formation of Ama and relieving Srotorodha (obstruction of bodily channels). The therapeutic plan may incorporate both Shamana Chikitsa (palliative management) and Shodhana Chikitsa (purificatory therapies).