Land to brand innovation in food processing using digital technologies

Purpose This review explores the evolving impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital technologies on the agri-food sector, examining their roles in enhancing productivity, safety, sustainability and consumer engagement across the food value chain. It also addresses existing barriers and provides a roadmap for inclusive and ethical AI implementation. Design/methodology/approach The paper synthesizes recent advancements in AI applications across agriculture and food systems, drawing from academic literature and case studies. It focuses on technologies such as machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, robotics and the Internet of Things (IoT), evaluating their integration into food production, processing, safety, packaging and personalized nutrition. Challenges related to adoption and equity are critically examined. Findings AI and digital tools are reforming the food system by enabling real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, automated processing, non-invasive quality assessments and personalized consumer insights. These innovations support the transition toward Industry 4.0 and the emerging Industry 5.0, with human-centric, sustainable and resilient food systems. However, widespread implementation is hindered by data integration challenges, digital literacy gaps, ethical concerns and infrastructure limitations, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Originality/value This review provides a comprehensive and forward-looking perspective on the role of AI in the agri-food sector. It uniquely combines technological insight with socio-ethical analysis, offering strategic guidance for inclusive, sustainable and responsible AI adoption in global food systems.