Energy evolution in Morocco: Towards a sustainable energy future

One of the principal objectives of our country is the transition to a sustainable energy system. This article presents the energy strategy of Morocco, which has as its objective the diversification of energy sources, the improvement of energy efficiency, and the reduction of dependence on fossil fuels. At the same time, the strategy aims to promote sustainable and resilient development. This article examines the developments in energy in Morocco, with a particular focus on the progress made towards a sustainable energy transition. The article commences with an analysis of the evolution of energy production and consumption, with a particular focus on their structure. This analysis highlights the energy sources used, with a notable increase in renewable energies such as wind and solar in electricity production. Furthermore, the chapter addresses the country’s growing energy deficit and high energy dependency rate, which are associated with the heavy import of fossil fuels. The dataset was collected from 2010 to 2020. The results demonstrate that local electricity production has increased in conjunction with the expansion of renewable energies, particularly wind power, which is projected to reach 59.7% in 2019, and solar power, which is expected to account for 20.1% of the total energy production. This has had a positive impact on Morocco's energy dependency rate, which fell from 94.2% to 90.6%. Furthermore, the proportion of fossil fuels in the energy production and consumption structure is declining. The changes in Morocco's energy structure reflect the country's efforts to adopt an environmentally-friendly approach to energy.