What question did this study set out to answer?

To classify algorithms for automated compliance checking of BIM models and assess their efficiency in terms of cost and complexity.

July 1, 2026Open Access

Algorithms for automated verification of BIM models' compliance with regulatory requirements: computational complexity, cost-effectiveness of development, and design risk reduction

SBSvetlana BorozdinaMoscow State University of Civil Engineering VEValentina EdlenkoMoscow State University of Civil Engineering

Key Points

To classify algorithms for automated compliance checking of BIM models and assess their efficiency in terms of cost and complexity.
Assessed various algorithms for compliance checking based on computational complexity: O(n), O(n·m), O(n²·log n).
Evaluated development costs of algorithms ranging from 15-25 thousand rubles to 120-180 thousand rubles based on complexity.
Conducted experimental verification on a BIM model of 5240 m² checking 285 requirements in 22 minutes with a cost of 500 rubles per check.
Automated checking reduced labor costs by 72.1%, from 344 to 96 man-hours.
Detected 29.3% more non-conformities compared to traditional approaches.
Prevention of losses amounts to 3.7-4.8 million rubles per project, representing 77-84% of total economic effect.

Abstract

A classification of algorithms for automated compliance checking of building information models against regulatory requirements is presented, with an assessment of computational complexity and development effort. It has been established that algorithms for checking quantitative parameters have linear complexity O(n), for checking calculation-based requirements – O(n·m), and for the geometric analysis of evacuation paths – O(n²·log n). The development cost of algorithms ranges from 15-25 thousand rubles for simple quantitative checks, 45-70 thousand rubles for calculation-based algorithms, to 120-180 thousand rubles for complex geometric algorithms. Experimental verification using a building information model with an area of 5240 m² showed a total execution time of 22 minutes for checking 285 requirements, with operational costs of 500 rubles per building check. A comprehensive methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of im-plementing automated regulatory compliance checking systems based on BIM models is presented, accounting for direct reductions in labor costs and the prevention of losses from correcting errors in the later stages of project execution. Using the example of a completed residential building project with an area of 5240 m², it was established that automated checking pro-vides a 72.1% reduction in labor costs (from 344 to 96 man-hours) and detects 29.3% more non-conformities compared to the traditional approach. The cost of rectifying errors increases by 4.5-5.2 times when moving from the design documentation stage to the post-state expertise stage, and by 12-15 times when moving to the construction stage. The prevented losses amount to 3.7-4.8 million rubles per project, constituting 77-84% of the total economic effect. With an investment of 21-29 million rubles, the payback period is 2.4-4.8 months for a medium-scale design organization.

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