The rapid growth of high-rise buildings has increased the need for structural systems that can effectively resist earthquake and wind loads while maintaining adequate strength, stiffness, and serviceability 1,4,5,7,9. This review paper critically examines published research studies on the seismic behaviour of vertically irregular reinforced concrete buildings and the performance of various lateral load-resisting systems 1–10. The reviewed studies evaluate the influence of vertical stiffness irregularity, floating columns, shear walls, dual structural systems, mass redistribution techniques, and different seismic analysis methods on the structural response of multi-storey buildings 1–10. The comparative assessment focuses on key engineering parameters, including storey displacement, inter-storey drift, base shear, natural time period, lateral stiffness, and overall seismic performance, to identify the most effective structural solutions 1–10. The findings consistently indicate that shear wall systems and dual structural systems provide superior control of lateral displacement and storey drift, while improving structural stiffness and seismic resistance compared with conventional moment-resisting frame buildings 2,5,8. In addition, the reviewed studies demonstrate that vertical irregularities and floating columns increase structural flexibility and seismic vulnerability if not supported by adequate lateral load-resisting elements 1,4,7,9. The review also highlights the importance of advanced numerical analysis using ETABS and nonlinear seismic evaluation techniques for accurately predicting the behaviour of irregular high-rise buildings 2,3,5,6,8. The outcomes of this review provide useful recommendations for researchers and practicing engineers in selecting safe, economical, and efficient structural systems for earthquake-resistant high-rise construction 1–10.
Thakur et al. (Fri,) studied this question.