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This paper proposes a decentralized multiagent system (MAS) approach for service restoration using controlled distributed generator (DG) islanding. Furthermore, it investigates the impacts of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) facility of the electric vehicles (EVs) for service restoration. Service restoration is formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem considering maximization of priority load restored and minimization of switching operations as the multiple objectives and solved using the proposed decentralized MAS approach. Extensive case studies are conducted on 38, 69, and 119 bus distribution systems, and the following advantages of the proposed MAS approach are observed: 1) flexibility-to perform under different DG and EV penetration levels; 2) scalability-to restore service for different size test systems, small as well as large; and 3) robustness-ability to perform efficiently for both single as well as multiple-fault situations. The simulation results also highlight the benefits of V2G feature of EVs for service restoration.
Sharma et al. (Fri,) studied this question.