Abstract The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY), which aims to provide and transition rural households towards LPG, a cleaner cooking fuel, has been heavily debated for its sustainability and efficacy. In this context, the study tries to examine the determinants of household energy consumption post implementation of the PMUY using the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) Seventy-Sixth Round data - “Socio-Economic Survey: Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing Condition”. The data reveals that nearly 48.3 percent of rural households use LPG as the primary cooking fuel. Further, it is also observed that the LPG use amongst the households belonging to the lowest quintile of consumption is as low as 29 percent. The study also finds that a Ujjwala beneficiary is nearly 20 percent more likely to use LPG. Moreover, ST and SC households are almost 14 percent and 7 percent less likely to use LPG in comparison to Upper caste Hindus, respectively.
Ranjan et al. (2025) studied this question.