Nanoemulsion as the Pioneer Carrier for Future Green Nanopesticides

Nanotechnology, as a transformative tool in modern agriculture, is particularly prominent for the control of plant pests and is emerging as a solution to the limitations of traditional pesticide formulations. This review systematically reviews the preparation and application of nanoemulsion pesticides, focusing on their formulation mechanisms, functional advantages, and practical uses. Nanoemulsions are characterized by nanosized droplets (20-200 nm), which enhance the solubility, dispersion, and stability of active ingredients, thereby improving bioavailability and reducing environmental impact. Through comparative analysis with traditional pesticides, the study highlights the superiority of nanoemulsions in targeted deposition, rain resistance, and controlled release properties, leading to reduced application rates and minimized residue accumulation. The article discusses key formulation strategies, including both high-energy and low-energy emulsification methods, emphasizing the importance of surfactant selection and performance analysis, and the adhesive properties of PTB/CNF nanoemulsion. The paper summarizes the various applications of nanoemulsion pesticides in areas such as herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides, demonstrating their effectiveness in weed management, pest control, and disease prevention. Summarization into hydrogen bonding, electrostatic force, and hydrophobic interaction-mediated adhesion enhancement mechanisms is provided, along with case studies showcasing improved leaf residue rates and reduced leaching effects. This review emphasizes the significance of nanoemulsion pesticides as a key innovation for sustainable agriculture, providing a theoretical foundation for balancing pest control efficiency with ecological management.