Iridium (Ir) catalysts are essential for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), but their high cost, scarcity, and geographical concentration limit large-scale adoption. In addition, the discovery of non-Ir alternatives is slow due to the vast design space possible. Here, a "megalibrary" is used to explore the catalytic activity of ∼156 million distinct nanostructures comprised of Ru, Co, Mn, and Cr to find alternatives to Ir catalysts for OER. Over 40 RuCoMnCr oxides, ranging from low to high activity, were selected, scaled to milligram levels, and studied for their catalytic performance. The activities measured within the megalibrary closely correlated (r = 0.84) with those of the macroscopic samples. In a PEMWE, the most active catalyst, Ru52Co33Mn9Cr6 oxide, demonstrated a voltage of 1.58 V at 1 A/cm2 and 1.77 V at 3 A/cm2. At 1 A/cm2, it operated continuously for over 1000 h with an average voltage increase rate of 57 μV/h. This study establishes a roadmap to accelerate catalyst discovery for energy conversion, and the platform is a route to large data sets that will facilitate the development of AI and machine learning algorithms that can identify key catalyst design features.
Huang et al. (2025) studied this question.