India is globally known as the "Land of Spices" and is an important producer and exporter of high-value spices such as turmeric, pepper and cardamom competing with other major global players. The global market for spices is 46 billion (2023) and holds significant potential for further growth. The study examines market shifts, market outcomes and production trends in the three dominant spices especially the key role that Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) play for exporters. NTMs define parameters under Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) under which exporter certifications must be obtained related to quality/safety measures that can make it particularly challenging for exporters to navigate compliance. In this study we look specifically at the impacts of NTMs as they affect the export of spices from India and specifically, the assessment focus on the impact of compliance measures on both the volume of product traded and its market value. Analysis of export data using Markov Chain and CAGR reveals that turmeric and cardamom show positive trends, while pepper faces decline due to SPS/TBT barriers and global competition. The dataset underscores the need for India to boost quality systems and align exports with international standards for sustained market access. Future paths should address the issues and challenges imposed by NTMs to improve compliance with relevant SPS and trade regulations, retain trading opportunities and explore prospects to further expand spice exports from India.
Kannan et al. (2025) studied this question.