This study aimed to evaluate whether the presence of inclusive national policies was associated with low levels of depression and anxiety among lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, questioning, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) youth during the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine if these associations were mediated by the perceived negative impact of COVID-19 on social and emotional wellbeing. A total of 8917 LGBTQ + youth (mean age M = 15.89, standard deviation SD = 1.53) from 13 European countries participated in an online survey conducted between 2020 and 2022. Participants reported on the perceived impact of COVID-19 on their lives, as well as symptoms of depression and anxiety. The survey data were then linked to the International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA) Index, which provides a national-level assessment of the legal and policy human rights situation for LGBTQ + individuals. LGBTQ + youth living in countries with more inclusive policies reported lower levels of perceived negative impact from COVID-19. However, moderation analyses revealed that this association was not significant for adolescents with emerging sexual and gender identities (e.g., those questioning their sexual orientation, or those with a sexual orientation other than gay, lesbian, or bisexual). Additionally, the perceived impact of COVID-19 significantly mediated the negative relationship between inclusive policies and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Comprehensive and inclusive policies that address the specific needs of all LGBTQ + youth may reduce disparities and promote mental health resilience in marginalized communities, particularly during global crises.
Graziano et al. (2025) studied this question.